Need, Characteristics, Objectives, Types of Educational Technology

 Need, Characteristics, Objectives, Types of Educational Technology

Need of educational technology.

1. Increasing the effectiveness of Teaching-learning process:

It beings desired improvement in teaching-learning process by making it effective. it develops to the maximum the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspect of the pupils.

2. Maximizing the output:

It has maximised the learning facilities. it is because it uses the principles indoctrinated by psychology, sociology, Mathematics, Engineering and other social and scientific subjects. their input maximises their output in the form of their competency by this technology.

3. Optimum use of resources:

The developing countries possess very limited resources. they lack experts, machinery or tools, school building, stationery and time. educational technology emphasizes the maximum use of available resources in the learning situations, which may benefit all the pupils of the nation from those limited resources which are available for teaching work pertaining to this. the teaching technology has developed the techniques like radio and television with which appreciable assistance has been sought for the expansion of mass education.

Characteristics of educational technology.

1. Educational technology has contributed in developing various methods ,for example, micro-teaching method, simulate teaching, interaction analysis, audio-visual aids and programmed learning method.

2. In the field of educational technology, psychology, science, technology, system, art, audio-visual aids and machines are used.

3. Educational technology is helpful in making the teaching process objectives, easy, clear, interesting and scientific.

4. Educational technology is based on the application of the scientific knowledge.

5. In educational technology, the provision of measuring tools is emphasised for the evaluation of learning outcomes.

6. Educational technology is a continuous dynamic technology.

7. A desired change is possible in the behavior of teachers and pupils.

8. Educational technology encourages learning by controlling the environment.

Objectives of educational technology.

1. To modernize the learning methods and techniques after systematising them so that these may be turned effective according to the needs of the changing era for the unknown future. 

2. To modify behaviours of the teachers and pupils by improving the teaching learning and evaluation conditions.

3. To make the classroom teaching easy, clear, interesting, effective, understandable, objective and scientific.

4. To help in increasing various facilities by solving the most complicated problems of human life so that the human life may carry on is progress continuously.

Types of Educational Technology.

The 'Lumsdane' suggests that educational technology has the following three forms:

- Hardware Approach.

- Software Approach

- System Analysis

1. Hardware Approach:

It is use of engineering machines in teaching. physical science and engineering technology have given birth to it.

Davis has said that Hardware Approach is the application of physical science in education and teaching with which the teaching process is being mechanised gradually so that maximum pupils may be educated in minimum time and at low cost. educational technology includes cinema, gramophone, radio tape-recorder, projector, computer, closed circuit television(CCTV) and electronic video-tape etc. All the teaching machines, the user of which makes the teaching more and more effective in order to achieve the teaching objectives.

Human knowledge has three aspect, these are:-

-Preservation 

-Transmission

-Development.

2. Software Approach.

Software Approach is also called instructional technology or teaching technology or behavioural technology. it does not allow the use of engineering machines. psychological principles of teaching and learning are utilised so that desirable changes in the behaviour of the pupils may be bought about. 

the machines are used only to make the subject-matter effective. hence, the software approach is concerned with the teaching objectives in behavioural terms, principles of teaching, method and techniques of teaching reinforcement of instructional system, feed-back devices and evaluation. software approach tries to develop all the three aspects i.e input, process and output.

While Hardware approach means the use of machines in teaching, software approach means the use of teaching and learning principles.

3.System Analysis.

System analysis is also known as management technology. developed after the world war 2. it provide a scientific basis to the decision making regarding

  the problems associated with administration, management, commerce, industry and army. it helps to study the problems of educational administration and management in a scientific and conclusive way.

by using it we can make the educational system, educational administration, and management effective. it helps in the development of educational administration and formulation of instructional outline. educational system, educational administration and management can be made more effective and less costly by using it. hence, these days the system analysis occupies an important place in the field of teaching.

Related:

Meaning, Nature and Scope of Educational technology

References: Advance educational Technology

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